Arabic calligraphy is one of the difficult art requiring skill and accuracy of a stone, and not only that.. But needs to study, practice and training, do not be surprised or underestimate what I say, maybe see it simpler than that, but if I tried to imitate only draw the line, found it difficult to Kthbyrh in it, but need to focus my mind high.

But wait. Prior to forget yourself and think you are a skilled calligrapher... You must know that writing calligraphy requires special tools.

. What is it?

Pen: not blue pen or pencil, a special pen that is usually made of reeds, and thrown in a newspaper called the section, and varies according to length of use, and has several names, including Mazda, the Galilee and the investigator.

Knife or Medea: used to ground the pen and made of metal, or Alfolaz, and contains within it a smaller knife to divide the tooth.

Ink, or inkwells: Certainly you cannot test your talents technical written without ink, inked, and usually made of glass or porcelain.

The many types of ink he may be different for different types of paper, the Arabs have excelled in the manufacture of ink until they succeeded in the invention of ink resistant to the factors of time.

Fund Inkwell: It is a round box made of ebony or other to install the inkstand at the base.

Wait before you draw or hold any line .. you must know the types of Arabic fonts, but do you think that these lines are the charges and the scribble of the imagination?

Lines of the Arabic of many kinds, but there is what is known and used more than others for ease of reading and paint.

Of these lines:

Kufic script: from the finest online form and sight and coordination, he appeared in Kufa, under the guidance and development of the Commander of the Faithful Ali Bin Abi Talib.

Line area: the Arab line and plain, is characterized by speed in writing, combining the letters between the power and beauty at the same time, not interested in composition only in the narrow limits with the exception of the Koranic verses, one of the usual lines that are written in most Arab countries.

Naskh: developing rules eyeball son of the minister, named after the large number of copies, to use it to copy the books and transfer, easy to paint, is characterized by clarification of the characters and show the beauty and splendour.

Start with the experience of this line if you want, it seems easy.

Third line: one of the finest Arabic fonts Mnzeraugmala and most difficult to write and elaborate, differs from all other lot Almarwma as multiple forms of most letters in it, and can be written in one sentence several times in different forms.

And less use of this type in the Koran, and only use it to write headlines and some of the verses and sentences of the difficulty of writing, already seems that this line is difficult.

Persian calligraphy is also one of the most beautiful lines has its own characteristic that distinguishes it from other, is characterized by agility in the letters, and increase the beauty of lines soft and round, was baptized calligrapher in its use to decoration to access the power of expression, it connects the artist of characters per word and words up to form a frame or curved lines and scrolls showing his genius in the imagination and creativity.

Line Diwani: the official line is that the book was used by bureaucracy, and there are many doctrines in his writing, and written on one line, and the advantage of flexibility in writing letters.

It is also:

 Simple Line, Square lines, Lines of advertising, Line Developer, Separate line, Line free, Line Morocco, Strange line, Lines of code.

Persian Calligraphy

Line appears in the Persian Persia in the seventh century AH (thirteenth century. Called (comment line), which features a beautiful line of letters accuracy and extension. Bsaolth also features the clarity and lack of complexity in it. Does not bear formation,  despite the disagreement with the line of the board.

Is one of the most beautiful lines of a special nature distinguishes it from other, as characterized by agility in the letters seem like a stoop in one direction, and increase the beauty of lines soft and round, because it is manageable in the drawing and more flexible, especially if painted accurately and elegance and good distribution, has been baptized calligrapher Its use in the decoration to access the power of expression to benefit from Altqoissat and departments, as well as agility drawing, the artist links between letters and words one word up to form a frame or curved lines and curled shows where his genius in the imagination and creativity.

The Iranians before Islam write line (Pahlavi) When Islam came, and believed in him, turned on this line Vohmloh, and wrote Arabic calligraphy, was developed by the Iranians this line, Vaguetpsoa his from the aesthetics of the line back to make it smooth Leadership, beautiful scenery, not preceded to draw letters One has (its assets and the development dimensions of the famous master calligrapher Mir Ali Tabrizi Hrawi died in 919 AH).

As a result of absorption of the Iranians in the Persian calligraphy Ahtdhanoh singled out and it has over the different phases of, the more deeply rooted and authenticity, and invented the other lines are taken from him, or are so to speak along him, it is these lines:

1. Alchuksth line:

Invented by a written commentary and Diwani. In this line is nothing more difficult to read, because it remained limited in Iran, and was written by one of Khatami Arabs or spread among them.

2. Persian asymmetric line:

Wrote the verses and poems by the government and asymmetric in writing, to apply the last character in the first word with the last letter in the last word, as if they Aton Page At abonha of the centre and to the left. (Called the mirror line of Persian).

3. Reductive line Persian:

Written by Iranian calligraphers paintings that are similar to her characters to be read in more than one character per word, and does more than his role in writing the other letters, and write instead. In this line is very difficult for the calligrapher and the reader alike.

4. And the faces of the evolution of Persian Calligraphy (comment) with a line that copies of them devised a line (Allenstaliq)

It is also a Persian. Has excelled calligrapher Imad al-Din Shirazi-Hassani in this line and surpassed by others, and put him a nice, his name is known to calligraphers. A (base Imad).

It was written months after the Iranian calligraphers calligrapher Hashim Muhammad al-Baghdadi and the late Mohamed Badawi al-Dirani in Damascus, but keep the lead for calligraphers Iranians for undisputed.

Line tughra

"Trh" or tughra "or Tgry is the form of beautiful writing third line in the form of ad hoc. And origin of the sign bowl type in the commands Bowl or the money, Islamic or otherwise and stating the name of the Sultan or his title. Said the gardener," and took the sultans and governors of the Turks, Persians and Tartars in order to preserve the seals, and replace the seal sultans draw tughra Bowl patents, publications and collections with specific, that tughra often not printed, of course, but paint and write and print on the coins was the place of drawing at the Frank kings. "

It was said that the origin of the word monogram Tataria word containing the name and title of the ruling Sultan and the first to use it in the third Sultan Murad I of the Ottoman Empire. And tells the story of the origin of tughra the effect that it is the slogan for a mythical sacred bird was venerated Alawguz sultans, and the sense of writing Tugra came under the wing of a bird.

Was mixed with this novel funny story of the monogram and the emergence of the Ottomans, which is that the strained relations between the Sultan Mughal "Tamerlane," grandson of "Genghis Khan" and "Bayazid" son of Murad, the first Ottoman, send Tamerlane an ultimatum to the Sultan Bayezid threatened to declare war and signed a warning tag his hand stained with blood . This footprint has been developed later and taken to writing Tgerwat repress as primitive, which the Ottomans. The oldest came to us from Btgroawat models similar to what was used in the correspondence on behalf of the Mamluk Sultan Nasser Hassan bin Mohammed bin Sultan Qalawun 752 AH. This has led to write the name on the form tughra to act in the rules of the line. And the fact that "tughra" often a combination of line Diwani line third.

Altfnnih lines:

 Tughra

 Line-Muthanna

 Line blinded

 Qalqashandi said, "Calligraphy is what is now called Balkovi, and from the rest of the evolved lines." But Moritz in the Encyclopaedia of Islam shows that the Arab line with sharp angles, identified later Kufic assets due to the pre-building of Kufa a century. As the Arab before Islam was written in four lines or pens:

 • Al Hairi (relative to the confusion), which is derived from the Kufic script.

 • Anbari relative to the Anbar)

 • Mecca (​​relative to Mecca)

 • Civil (relative to the Medina)

 The first label for this line in the book was Balkovi Fihrist of Ibn al-Nadim (d. 999 AD).

online survey:

Is it really so hard to learn Arabic?

   It is hard. I speak Arabic because it is my native language. But I do not read and write it, which is another challenge in itself. I came to the US when I was 7. So that was the time when I would have started reading and writing it. There are quite a few different dialects. And for all those dialects there is a formal Arabic spoken in the media, by politicians, clergymen etc. It is the same dialect in the Koran. Which is a very formal type of Arabic. Since I grew up speaking the "street" language in the dialect of my parents homeland, the formal Arabic is difficult for me to understand. 

Not only that, there are lots of letters and sounds that do not exist in the English language. Most Arabic speakers who have been speaking it since birth develop a different set of muscles or facial features to accommodate some of the sounds in our language. Its a cultural thing throughout many languages.

However, like any language it is learn-able. Be patient. Do not give up. May I suggest you study abroad? I learned how to speak English through total immersion. My sister went to Spain for a year and is is now fluent in Spanish. So she has three languages under her belt. So I know you can do it. Do not be discouraged. Learn as much as you can. And yes it is a hard language to learn, but I can assure you like anything else in life, it will be a great accomplishment for you.

Nothings difficult if youre motivated. I think if you study regularly, perhaps 30 miniutes per day, 3 times a week, you will achieve a high proficiency in 1.5-2 years.

Source(s):

Experience. 

 yes!!!!! its so hard I have been learning words here and there for about 3 yrs now.. and i just bought pimsler to teach me and still when i listen to ppl speak arabic or i speak it to them its like we dont understand each other i get discourged all the time but i keep practicing... if you really want to learn never quit you will get it one day:)

 every language is difficult to learn, except if u are really want to have the skill. like me, I've learned Arabic since i was a kid.and till now still can't understand the word. so, if u want it, practice always make perfect....believe me, it's hard, Love is the most important thing . If you love it you will learn it easily . Go for it . 

 Well, I'm a native English speaker. I lived in Qatar for 18 months, and studied Arabic there for about a year. A reliable source says that the hardest languages for English speakers to learn are Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Arabic, in that order. I've had dealings with all 4, and I agree. But I had simple conversations in Arabic after only about a year, and I'm not very gifted at languages. So don't get discouraged. For me, the hard part of learning Arabic is that some sounds in Semitic languages like Arabic and Hebrew are completely different from Indo-European languages like English. And singular and plural are often very different; in English you usually just add an S to the end of a word to make the plural. Oh yeah, and usually the script doesn't include vowels, only consonants. For instance, words to do with writing contain the 4 consonants m, k t and b, so the words for office, writing and book, and many others, all look similar. Learning to read and write Arabic is surprisingly easy. The alphabet has only about as many letters as ours. I learned it in about a month. Of course, the quickest way to learn the language is to live there, like I did. I worked with people who could speak English in Qatar, but even so I learned a little Arabic reasonably quickly. I've dealt with kids who go on 1-year overseas student exchanges, where they're totally immersed in the language. All of them come back after a year almost fluent, including the kids who go to Japan and Finland, which both have very difficult languages. So work at it. Good luck. Marsalaam, saddiq.

     Hard. See ever their writing?

  Arabic is somewhat difficult, however if you study and really want to learn it, it's not that hard. Any language that does not use the same alphabet as us is going to be harder to learn, simply because you need to get used to it. I've been taking Arabic for two semesters and i can have decent conversations with people. they aren't in depth intellectual conversations, but it is possible to speak with people. If you are taking it at a college i would recommend having a good relationship with the teacher, doing your homework and studying. Usually at a college there are native Arabic speakers in the class to get an easy A, but try to make friends with them or go to Arab/Greek restaurants, mosques, or Halal stores to talk to people. Arabic isn't all that bad. Good Luck!

  It is not that difficult to understand it & speak it. Writing can be very difficult. Many Arabs (including me) cannot write good Arabic. Reading comes second in difficulty. But as I said, to understand and to speak is easy. I have a British friend who has learned it in only 2 years. If you live between Arabs, you will learn it easy because you will be practicing it. Hearing people conversate in Arabic is very helpfull. Books and tapes can teach you, but it'll take you longet to learn.

Not to discourage you BUT to learn Arabic fully (writing, reading & speaking) will take you more than 6 years to learn. I am 27 years old and was born an Arab. Have been taught Arabic since I was born and still did not excell it & most probably will not. Do you know those who excell Arabic are few? And once they do excel the language they are considered as professors :)

 I think arabic is very hard to learn...some words easy to pronounce but others are really hard and sometimes you have to roll the r's. Below is a website my sister uses to help improve her arabic skills like grammer..its free. Good Luck habibty :)

Arabic calligraphy and design

is cinema over?

as we were talking about it today with the class, cinema not over as cinema always will bring to you what you cant feel at home, but the all view about cinema today its more action and more 3d fans but it always will keep the word entertainment still as internet taking over but still for example people still radio other things laptop and i phones they not taking over TV, people still use TV. other thing for cinema it always will be a best day out with friends and family. 

remaking films

after when i was talking with the group in the class we were talking about what the differenced it makes as today with high technology, and the 3d which they show more details and making the seen looking more optimistic rather like the old films especially action films sometimes they look like toys. another rezone the producer have more money to spend on the films they can spend millions so they can attract people by using advertising the film. another rezone is for some directors is to explor more about what they can do with the film in modern way ideas of how to presenting the film or make it as in present day rather then old film. 

  

Charles and Ray Eames

http://designmuseum.org/design/charles-ray-eames

Charles and Ray Eames are American designers,They are best known for their groundbreaking contributions to architecture and furniture design , industrial design and manufacturing.

Charles Eames was born in 1907 in St. Louis, Missouri. He attended school there and developed an interest in engineering and architecture. After attending Washington University on scholarship for two years and being thrown out for his advocacy of Frank Lloyd Wright, he began working in an architectural office. In 1929, he married his first wife, Catherine Woermann,  In 1930  Charles started his own architectural office. He began extending his design ideas beyond architecture and received a fellowship to Cranbrook Academy of Art in Michigan, where he eventually became head of the design department.
for his best work pleas check this 2 amazing videos!!!!

gender and race!!!

The emotional, sexual, and psychological stereotyping of females begins when the doctor says, "It's a girl." 

Being a woman is a terribly difficult task, since it consists principally in dealing with men.

  

No woman is required to build the world by destroying herself. 

Because I am a woman, I must make unusual efforts to succeed.  If I fail, no one will say, "She doesn't have what it takes."  They will say, "Women don't have what it takes."  

similar the both are black exposing body with different way of expressions zoom in some parts of the body zoom out attention of anything else. and the both are speaking to a certain people not all will be interesting to this kind of images. 

different the first one using black and white in my words black and white images focus more on the out lines and escapes the unwanted details witch keeps the attention on what it means rather then what is it kind what i think!!!! other thing the photo has artistic meaning from the way she looks and her hand movement, a hiding massage behind it...

the second one colourful with the strong pink barbie girl,big heels shoes and shing shing, blang blang with size 10 jeans exposing her 8 wonder shine bottom makes it more about cheap porn i guess from my point some in the class seen it as sexy!!! but she is definitely knows what she have and sure she's proud to show it and its easy to see its more about her and its her way to fame.

exploitative both of them are in different purposes yes!!! both are 

affirmative the second image was more expressing or manifesting then they other one i think any one can get what she means or pointing at but the other one people can be a bit confuse what's her point or what she really wearing is that a helmets!!! for her boobs!!! any way she saying somthing i will need to read research her gallry to know more, but eaaah we know the other image what she is about!!!

beautiful exposing in artistic way could be beautiful but exploitative showing more then it should be or crossing a certain lines it could be ugly arrh witch i say is the second image because it made it look like cheap porn!!!

who is in control!? both are in control.

who is it for!! hmm the first one could be for some kind art about women's body the scond one could be for sex calendar or porn magazine!!!

how is looking at how? first one looking at her self as she looking at her own camera the second looking at the photography and follow his steps.

who painted,photographed and filmed whom?

the first image photographed her self and the other image photographers.

Text and image!!!

image could speak more then 1000 words!!!!

Images left out without words it could lead us to think outside the box and more freely without directions of words that could lead us to think only what it means!!
image can looks something but means something else, its same thing when the text against the image or the image different from what the text says it defined the different and reflect the right picture in your mind.

Even if words sometimes against the image or the picture when the both together they can be powerful, text always supported images for thousand years as we know from the history few words could lead to revolution but images could get the world's attentions....images from the vietnam war 1955

Semiotics!!!

semiotics is the image
what is a sign? aaa picture or symbol that means something or related to something :)
icon, represmation.
signfides~Communion.
an image is a sign that can be read as document or text.
signfer
signified example:

semiotics:

i think we wont see a clear signifeir or clear signified but you will still get the point some time images could be clue and the meaning is the signified there are so many ways and long journey to have an exorcise witch is icon-index-symbol so keep ur eyes on whats going around you or inside of u its complicated life out there so as art and design to. "i am a signifier the world is signified me and all whats inside me and all the ppl around me " (-_-)

Carl Barron comedy about symbol

Félix González-Torres

Gonzalez-Torres grew up in Cuba, and lived in Puerto Rico before moving to New York City in 1979. Gonzalez-Torres had a one-man exhibition of his early text pieces in 1988 at the Rastovski Gallery (560 Broadway) in Soho. In the same year, he also had solo exhibitions at the New Museum of Contemporary Art and INTAR Gallery in New York. His work was the focus of several major museum solo exhibitions in his lifetime and after his death. Retrospectives of his work have been organized by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York (1995), the Sprengel Museum in Hannover, Germany (1997), the Serpentine Gallery in London (2000), the FLAG Art Foundation in New York (2009) and WIELS, Fondation Beyeler and the Museum für Moderne Kunst Frankfurt in 2010-2011.
Gonzalez-Torres was known for his quiet, minimal installations and sculptures. Using materials such as strings of lightbulbs, clocks, stacks of paper, or packaged hard candies, Felix Gonzalez-Torres's work is sometimes considered a reflection of his experience with AIDS. He was also considered within his time to be a process artist due to the nature of his 'removable' installations by which the process is a key feature to the installation.

appropriation!!!!

Appropriation means the 　

The proper thing to say?

Some times the proper way is not really the right way!! There is no right or wrong in art every thing means something even noting means noting!!!!

In this part words could be powerful but art could be more check out work of many different famous and unknown artists they find a way in between proper/improper even tho I am still confuse what appropriation in art should be!!!

Kurt Schwitters

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4JZfONAWMWg&feature=related

Just What Is It that Makes Today's Homes So Different, So Appealing?

Richard hamilton 1956

George Orson Welles (May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985), best known as Orson Welles, was an American film director, actor, theatre director, screenwriter, and producer, who worked extensively in film, theatre, television and radio. Noted for his innovative dramatic productions as well as his distinctive voice and personality, Welles is widely acknowledged as one of the most accomplished dramatic artists of the twentieth century, especially for his significant and influential early work—despite his notoriously contentious relationship with Hollywood. His distinctive directorial style featured layered, nonlinear narrative forms, innovative uses of lighting such as chiaroscuro, unique camera angles, sound techniques borrowed from radio, deep focus shots, and long takes. Welles's long career in film is noted for his struggle for artistic control in the face of pressure from studios. Many of his films were heavily edited and others left unreleased. He has been praised as a major creative force and as "the ultimate auteur.

find an artist/designer/photographer what they do how they appropriate images/objects?
okay...

Meet Liu Bolin, the real-life Invisible Man from China, an artist with the ability to disappear in any surroundings.

Born in 1973 in Shandong and a graduate of Shandong Art College and Beijing’s Central Academy of Fine Arts, Liu Bolin became popular for his mastery at the art of camouflaging himself against virtually any background.

One single photo takes up to 10 hours to prepare - Liu uses himself as a blank canvas, and with a little help from an assistant, he paints his body to merge as seamlessly as possible with what is behind him. The results are incredible – sometimes passers-by don’t even realize he is around until he moves.

sherrie levine 1991

jake and dions chapman

add insult to injury

ministry of information poster,1939